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Amenorrhea (absence of menstrual period ; All you should know about it

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Amenorrhea is a medical condition characterized by the absence of menstruation, defined as missing one or more menstrual periods.   Amenorrhea is a normal feature in prepubertal, pregnant, and postmenopausal females. In females of reproductive age, diagnosing amenorrhea is a matter of first determining whether pregnancy is the etiology. In the absence of pregnancy, the challenge is to determine the exact cause of absent menses.  It can be a source of concern and discomfort for those affected, impacting both physical and emotional well-being. Menstruation ; The menstrual cycle is an orderly progression of coordinated hormonal events in the female body that stimulates growth of a follicle to release an egg and prepare a site for implantation if fertilization should occur.  If there’s no pregnancy that cycle, shed female uterine lining. That shedding is called period. There are many factors that can affect female period including issues with the following organs and structures: Hypothalam
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Paracetamol overdose ; all you should know

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  Paracetamol, also known as acetaminophen in the United States and Canada, is a widely used over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer. It has an excellent safety profile when administered in proper therapeutic doses, but hepatotoxicity can occur after overdose or when misused in at-risk populations. In the United States, acetaminophen toxicity has replaced viral hepatitis as he most common cause of acute liver failure and approximately 20 percent of liver transplant cases.   The maximum recommended acetaminophen dosage is 4 grams/day in an adult and 90 mg/kg/day in children. People with underlying liver disease or those with chronic alcohol consumption are at an increased risk of developing hepatotoxicity (liver damage from chemicals) with use of acetaminophen. Toxicity Symptoms ; Most patients who overdose on acetaminophen will initially be asymptomatic, as clinical symptoms of end-organ toxicity do not manifest until 24-48 hours after an acute ingestion. Therefore, to identif
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Anti Histamine ( anti Allergy) ; Definition, Types, Pharmacokinetic and Side effects

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Anti Histamine Antihistamines are a class of drugs that work by blocking the effects of histamine, a chemical that is released by the body during an allergic reaction.  Antihistamines are most commonly used by people who have allergic reactions to pollen and other allergens.  They are also used to treat a variety of other conditions such as stomach problems, colds, anxiety and more.   What are Allergy ? Allergies are your body’s reaction to a foreign protein. Usually, these proteins (allergens) are harmless. However, if you have an allergy to a particular protein, your body’s defense system (immune system ) overreacts to its presence in your body.  In the case of an allergy, substances that are usually harmless and don’t bother some people, such as dust or animal dander, do bother you! Your body views these substances as “foreign,” which then triggers an overreaction by your body’s defense system that includes the release of histamine.  What is Histamine ? Histamine is an organic compo
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM )

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    Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) is a complex cardiac condition characterized by the thickening of the heart's muscle wall, primarily affecting the left ventricle, left ventricle stiffness, Mitral valve changes and cellular changes. This condition can hinder the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently and might lead to various symptoms and complications. Incidence ;  Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affects an estimated 600,000 to 1.5 million Americans or 1 in 500 people. It’s more common than multiple sclerosis, which affects 1 in 700 people. Can I get Pregnant if I have Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? Although pregnant people with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may need specialized care, such as echocardiography, most can support pregnancy  and have a vaginal delivery. If you’re considering becoming pregnant, discuss your risks with your healthcare provider. Your provider can tell you which medicines for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy you can keep taking during yo
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